The largest active volcano in the world is Mauna Loa, located on the Big Island of Hawaii. This colossal shield volcano covers an area of approximately 2,035 square miles (5,271 square kilometers), which is more than half of the island itself. It rises about 13,681 feet (4,170 meters) above sea level, but when measured from its base deep on the ocean floor, Mauna Loa's height reaches about 30,000 feet (9,144 meters), making it one of the tallest mountains on Earth when considering from sea to summit.
Mauna Loa is a part of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, formed by the intersection of the Pacific Plate and the Hawaiian hotspot, an area of increased volcanic activity beneath the Earth's crust. The volcano has erupted 33 times since its first well-documented eruption in 1843, with its last eruption occurring in November 2022. These eruptions are primarily characterized by their fluid, basaltic lava flows, allowing them to cover vast areas of land.
Interestingly, Mauna Loa’s eruptions are not excessively explosive compared to other volcanoes, largely due to the nature of the lava and gas within. The low viscosity of basalt allows gases to escape more easily, reducing the likelihood of violent eruptions. Residents and visitors near the volcano often enjoy the breathtaking views of the lava flows, providing a unique opportunity to observe the geological processes that shape our planet.
The monitoring and research of Mauna Loa are performed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), which continuously tracks the volcano's activity through various methods, including seismic activity, ground deformation, and gas emissions. This ongoing research is crucial for understanding volcanic activity and ensuring the safety of the surrounding communities.
Being such a significant geological feature, Mauna Loa is not just a natural wonder, but also a vital part of Hawaiian culture and history. It has profound significance to Native Hawaiian traditions, and many cultural practices and beliefs are intertwined with the land and its volcanoes. It stands not only as a testament to Earth’s dynamic processes but also as a revered entity in Hawaiian heritage.