The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashgabat, a city rich in history and culture, located in the northern part of the Kopet Dag mountain range. Ashgabat, whose name means ‘the city of love’ in Persian, became the capital in 1991, following the country’s independence from the Soviet Union. Prior to that, the city was known as Poltoratsk, and it has undergone significant transformation since its designation as the capital.
Ashgabat is known for its unique architectural style, which exhibits a blend of traditional Turkmen motifs and modern designs. The city boasts numerous white marble buildings, earning it the title of the ‘White City.’ In fact, according to the Guinness World Records, Ashgabat holds the record for the highest concentration of white marble buildings in the world. This architectural trend began in the late 1990s, when the government initiated several grand construction projects to mark the nation's independence and showcase its culture.
One of the iconic structures in Ashgabat is the Turkmenistan Tower, which is the tallest observation tower in the country and offers panoramic views of the city. Another significant landmark is the Neutrality Monument, a golden statue of the first president, Saparmurat Niyazov, which rotates to face the sun throughout the day. The city also features the grand Independence Monument and the Monument to the Constitution of Turkmenistan, symbolizing the country’s national pride and sovereignty.
Aside from its impressive architecture, Ashgabat has a rich cultural scene. The city is home to numerous museums, including the National Museum of Turkmenistan, which houses a diverse collection of artifacts that highlight Turkmen history, art, and culture. The Turkmen State Circus and the State Opera and Ballet Theatre provide entertainment and showcase local talents.
Ashgabat is not just a political or administrative hub; it serves as an important cultural center as well. The city is a focal point for national holidays and traditional festivals, which are celebrated with parades, performances, and exhibitions reflecting Turkmen heritage. The Niyazov regime heavily promoted Turkmen identity through these celebrations, leaving a lasting impact on the culture.
In terms of transportation, Ashgabat is well-connected with roads, railways, and an international airport, facilitating travel for both residents and tourists. The city's layout is designed with wide boulevards and plentiful green spaces, making it a pleasant place to explore.
Overall, Ashgabat stands out not only as the capital of Turkmenistan but also as a city that encapsulates the spirit of the nation through its architecture, culture, and history. Visitors to Ashgabat are often struck by the scale and beauty of the city, reflecting the ambition of its leaders to create a capital that honors its heritage while looking towards the future.