The capital of Cyprus is Nicosia, which holds a unique status as the last divided capital in Europe. The city is situated almost at the geographical center of the island, making it a pivotal location for both historical and political reasons.
Nicosia's history dates back over 4,500 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Throughout its long history, Nicosia has been influenced by various civilizations, including the Assyrians, Egyptians, Romans, Byzantines, and more recently, the Ottomans and the British. Each of these cultures has left its mark on the city, contributing to its rich tapestry of architectural styles and cultural heritage.
The split of Nicosia into two parts occurred in 1974 following a Turkish invasion triggered by a coup aimed at uniting Cyprus with Greece. This led to the establishment of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the northern part of the city, which is only recognized by Turkey. The southern part of Nicosia is the capital of the Republic of Cyprus, in the Greek-dominated south.
Nicosia's division is also notable for the presence of the Green Line, a demilitarized zone established by the United Nations to separate the two communities. This has created a complex situation for residents, as well as a vibrant ongoing dialogue regarding potential reunification. The UN buffer zone runs through the heart of the city, where checkpoints exist for people attempting to cross from one side to the other.
On the southern part of Nicosia, you can find a wealth of attractions, including the historic Old City, surrounded by Venetian walls dating back to the 16th century. These walls are an impressive sight, stretching for almost two miles and are a testament to the city's strategic importance throughout history. Within the Old City, landmarks like the Selimiye Mosque, formerly the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, and the Famagusta Gate provide visitors with insights into the rich cultural and religious intermingling that defines Cyprus.
The city is also known for its vibrant cultural scene, with numerous events, galleries, and theaters showcasing local talent and international contributions. Nicosia's cuisine reflects the diverse influences from various cultures, offering a delightful array of traditional dishes, including moussaka, halloumi, and kleftiko.
Despite its troubled history, Nicosia is a city that continues to thrive and adapt. The reunification efforts have prompted dialogues and initiatives to bridge the divide, bringing together communities for discussions, social events, and collaborative projects. The city represents not only a point of contention but also a symbol of resilience and hope for a peaceful future on an island that has been a crossroads of cultures for millennia.