The smallest country in Europe, and indeed the smallest independent state in the world, is Vatican City. It has an area of approximately 44 hectares (about 110 acres) and is an enclave within Rome, Italy. Established as an independent state in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty, Vatican City serves as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church. It is the residence of the Pope, the spiritual leader of Catholics worldwide.
Vatican City is unique not only for its size but also for its significance. Despite its small footprint, it is home to some of the most important cultural and religious sites in the world, including St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Museums. St. Peter's Basilica, which is one of the largest churches in the world, is renowned for its Renaissance architecture and contains works by renowned artists like Michelangelo and Bernini. The Sistine Chapel is famous for its ceiling painted by Michelangelo, which includes the iconic "Creation of Adam".
The governance of Vatican City is a theocratic absolute monarchy, with the Pope at its head. The Pope has many roles, including head of state, head of government, and the spiritual leader of the Catholic Church. The small size of the country ensures that it can be governed effectively, with the entire population being around 800, most of whom are clergy or members of religious orders. Vatican City also has its own postal service, radio station, and even its own newspaper, making it a fully functional state despite its small size.
Culturally, Vatican City plays a crucial role. It attracts millions of tourists annually, resulting in significant income from tourism. Visitors from around the globe come to see its magnificent art, architecture, and history. Events such as Holy Week, Christmas, and the papal audience draw large crowds, highlighting its importance not only as a place of worship but also as a cultural hub.
Vatican City also has its own currency, the Euro, which it shares with several other European nations. However, it issues its own coins with unique designs that emphasize its religious significance and landmarks. This feature makes them attractive to collectors and as souvenirs for visitors. Overall, Vatican City remains a fascinating study of how a small territory can possess immense spiritual, cultural, and political influence over the world.