The capital of Brazil is Brasília, a city renowned for its unique and modern design. Founded on April 21, 1960, Brasília was created to promote the development of the interior of Brazil and to reduce the concentration of economic and political power in the coastal cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Designed by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and the urban planner Lúcio Costa, Brasília was constructed in less than four years and officially became the capital on its inauguration date.
Brasília is distinctive for its bold architecture and city layout, often being described as a 'planned city' due to its innovative design, which resembles an airplane or bird when viewed from above. The city is divided into numbered sectors, each designed for specific functions, such as residential, commercial, and governmental purposes. This segmentation was a part of the vision to manage urban chaos and improve living conditions.
One of the key features of Brasília is its monumental landscape, dominated by structures such as the São Sebastião Cathedral, the National Congress of Brazil, and the Palácio da Alvorada, the official residence of the President. Oscar Niemeyer’s modernist approach is prominently visible in buildings characterized by their clean lines and expansive use of concrete and glass.
Unsurprisingly, Brasília is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, awarded this status in 1987 for its innovative architecture and urban planning. The city is not just a political center; it also plays a cultural role, hosting various museums, theaters, and cultural events. Examples include the National Museum of the Brazilian Republic and the JK Memorial, dedicated to Juscelino Kubitschek, the founder of Brasília and a former Brazilian president.
The climate of Brasília is tropical savanna, which features a wet season from October to April and a dry season from May to September. The city’s strategic location in the Brazilian highlands provides a refreshing respite from the heat that characterizes much of the country. Despite being a planned city, Brasília has experienced rapid growth since its establishment, leading to challenges typical of urban areas, including transportation and housing.
Today, Brasília is home to over 3 million residents, making it one of the most populous cities in Brazil. It serves as not only the political heart of Brazil, housing all branches of government, including the executive, legislative, and judiciary, but it also symbolizes the country’s aspirations towards modernity and development. In essence, Brasília stands as a testament to mid-20th century urban planning and serves as a vibrant and pivotal city in Brazilian culture and politics.