The capital of Malta is Valletta, a city rich in history and culture that has earned its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Established in the 16th century, it was named after Jean Parisot de la Valette, the Grand Master of the Knights of St. John, who played a crucial role in defending the Maltese Islands against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Siege of 1565.
Valletta is renowned for its well-preserved architectural wonders, which reflect various styles from the Baroque to Renaissance. The city is only about 0.8 km² in size, making it one of the smallest capital cities in Europe, yet it boasts an extensive array of historical and cultural landmarks, including St. John's Co-Cathedral, which is famous for its stunning Baroque architecture and Caravaggio paintings. This cathedral was built by the Knights of St. John and stands as a fine example of their wealth and influence during their reign.
The city is surrounded by impressive fortifications, which were built to protect its inhabitants from invaders. The bastions, walls, and other military architecture provide remarkable views of the Grand Harbour and the surrounding areas. The Upper Barracca Gardens, for instance, offer a serene atmosphere alongside spectacular panoramas of the harbour, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists.
In addition to its historical significance, Valletta is a vibrant cultural center. It hosts numerous festivals, including the Valletta Film Festival and Notte Bianca—a night when museums, galleries, and public spaces remain open late, presenting art, music, and performances. Valletta also serves as the cultural capital of Europe, having held this title in 2018, attracting even more visitors to its cobblestone streets and thriving artistic scene.
The city’s strategic location in the Mediterranean Sea has made it a significant military and shipping hub throughout history, influencing the diverse cultures and peoples that have settled there, including the Phoenicians, Romans, and British. Today, Valletta continues to embody this blend of cultures, with its historical buildings housing modern shops, cafes, and restaurants, making it a unique place where ancient and contemporary life coexist.
Moreover, Valletta is the administrative center of the Maltese government, housing important institutions such as the Parliament of Malta and the Office of the Prime Minister. With its small geographical footprint but vast historical significance and contemporary relevance, Valletta is not only the capital of Malta but also a symbol of the nation's resilience and cultural richness.